标签归档:增量备份

多平台实时同步方案比较(cp,scp,rsync,DRBD,lsyncd,Syncthing,seafile,Nextcloud)

cp命令实现增量同步

可用于linux/mac,可以增量,不能跨机器。

使用-u参数实现增量,-r递归,使用实例

cp -ru dir1/* dir2/

详细参数

用法:cp [选项]... [-T] 源文件 目标文件
 或:cp [选项]... 源文件... 目录
 或:cp [选项]... -t 目录 源文件...
将源文件复制至目标文件,或将多个源文件复制至目标目录。

长选项必须使用的参数对于短选项时也是必需使用的。
  -a, --archive                 等于-dR --preserve=all
      --backup[=CONTROL         为每个已存在的目标文件创建备份
  -b                            类似--backup 但不接受参数
      --copy-contents           在递归处理是复制特殊文件内容
  -d                            等于--no-dereference --preserve=links
  -f, --force                   如果目标文件无法打开则将其移除并重试(当 -n 选项
                                        存在时则不需再选此项)
  -i, --interactive             覆盖前询问(使前面的 -n 选项失效)
  -H                            跟随源文件中的命令行符号链接
  -l, --link                    链接文件而不复制
  -L, --dereference             总是跟随符号链接
  -n, --no-clobber              不要覆盖已存在的文件(使前面的 -i 选项失效)
  -P, --no-dereference          不跟随源文件中的符号链接
  -p                            等于--preserve=模式,所有权,时间戳
      --preserve[=属性列表      保持指定的属性(默认:模式,所有权,时间戳),如果
                                        可能保持附加属性:环境、链接、xattr 等
  -c                           same as --preserve=context
      --sno-preserve=属性列表   不保留指定的文件属性
      --parents                 复制前在目标目录创建来源文件路径中的所有目录
  -R, -r, --recursive           递归复制目录及其子目录内的所有内容
      --reflink[=WHEN]          控制克隆/CoW 副本。请查看下面的内如。
      --remove-destination      尝试打开目标文件前先删除已存在的目的地
                                        文件 (相对于 --force 选项)
      --sparse=WHEN             控制创建稀疏文件的方式
      --strip-trailing-slashes  删除参数中所有源文件/目录末端的斜杠
  -s, --symbolic-link           只创建符号链接而不复制文件
  -S, --suffix=后缀             自行指定备份文件的后缀
  -t,  --target-directory=目录  将所有参数指定的源文件/目录
                                           复制至目标目录
  -T, --no-target-directory     将目标目录视作普通文件
  -u, --update                 copy only when the SOURCE file is newer
                                 than the destination file or when the
                                 destination file is missing
  -v, --verbose                explain what is being done
  -x, --one-file-system        stay on this file system
  -Z, --context=CONTEXT        set security context of copy to CONTEXT
      --help            显示此帮助信息并退出
      --version         显示版本信息并退出

scp命令实现跨机器增量同步

可用于linux/mac系统,可以增量,可以跨机器,跨机器通过ssh。

使用实例

scp user@host1:/dir/* /home/www/

详细参数

usage: scp [-1246BCpqrv] [-c cipher] [-F ssh_config] [-i identity_file]
           [-l limit] [-o ssh_option] [-P port] [-S program]
           [[user@]host1:]file1 ... [[user@]host2:]file2

-B  使用批处理模式(传输过程中不询问传输口令或短语) 
-C  允许压缩。(将-C标志传递给ssh,从而打开压缩功能) 
-p  保留原文件的修改时间,访问时间和访问权限。 
-q  不显示传输进度条。 
-r  递归复制整个目录。 
-v 详细方式显示输出。scp和ssh(1)会显示出整个过程的调试信息。这些信息用于调试连接,验证和配置问题。  
-c cipher  以cipher将数据传输进行加密,这个选项将直接传递给ssh。  
-F ssh_config  指定一个替代的ssh配置文件,此参数直接传递给ssh。 
-i identity_file  从指定文件中读取传输时使用的密钥文件,此参数直接传递给ssh。   
-l limit  限定用户所能使用的带宽,以Kbit/s为单位。    
-o ssh_option  如果习惯于使用ssh_config(5)中的参数传递方式,  
-P port  注意是大写的P, port是指定数据传输用到的端口号  
-S program  指定加密传输时所使用的程序。此程序必须能够理解ssh(1)的选项。

rsync 命令实现跨机器增量同步

可用于linux/mac系统,可以增量,可以跨机器,跨机器通过ssh。相对于scp推荐。可以显示进度、排除软链等。

用例

rsync -e "ssh -p22222" -avpgolr --progress  host:/dir/file /dir/file

详细参数


Usage: rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... DEST
  or   rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST:DEST
  or   rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST::DEST
  or   rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST
  or   rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST:SRC [DEST]
  or   rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST::SRC [DEST]
  or   rsync [OPTION]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC [DEST]
The ':' usages connect via remote shell, while '::' & 'rsync://' usages connect
to an rsync daemon, and require SRC or DEST to start with a module name.

Options
 -v, --verbose               increase verbosity
 -q, --quiet                 suppress non-error messages
     --no-motd               suppress daemon-mode MOTD (see manpage caveat)
 -c, --checksum              skip based on checksum, not mod-time & size
 -a, --archive               archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X)
     --no-OPTION             turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. --no-D)
 -r, --recursive             recurse into directories
 -R, --relative              use relative path names
     --no-implied-dirs       don't send implied dirs with --relative
 -b, --backup                make backups (see --suffix & --backup-dir)
     --backup-dir=DIR        make backups into hierarchy based in DIR
     --suffix=SUFFIX         set backup suffix (default ~ w/o --backup-dir)
 -u, --update                skip files that are newer on the receiver
     --inplace               update destination files in-place (SEE MAN PAGE)
     --append                append data onto shorter files
     --append-verify         like --append, but with old data in file checksum
 -d, --dirs                  transfer directories without recursing
 -l, --links                 copy symlinks as symlinks
 -L, --copy-links            transform symlink into referent file/dir
     --copy-unsafe-links     only "unsafe" symlinks are transformed
     --safe-links            ignore symlinks that point outside the source tree
 -k, --copy-dirlinks         transform symlink to a dir into referent dir
 -K, --keep-dirlinks         treat symlinked dir on receiver as dir
 -H, --hard-links            preserve hard links
 -p, --perms                 preserve permissions
 -E, --executability         preserve the file's executability
     --chmod=CHMOD           affect file and/or directory permissions
 -A, --acls                  preserve ACLs (implies --perms)
 -X, --xattrs                preserve extended attributes
 -o, --owner                 preserve owner (super-user only)
 -g, --group                 preserve group
     --devices               preserve device files (super-user only)
     --copy-devices          copy device contents as regular file
     --specials              preserve special files
 -D                          same as --devices --specials
 -t, --times                 preserve modification times
 -O, --omit-dir-times        omit directories from --times
     --super                 receiver attempts super-user activities
     --fake-super            store/recover privileged attrs using xattrs
 -S, --sparse                handle sparse files efficiently
 -n, --dry-run               perform a trial run with no changes made
 -W, --whole-file            copy files whole (without delta-xfer algorithm)
 -x, --one-file-system       don't cross filesystem boundaries
 -B, --block-size=SIZE       force a fixed checksum block-size
 -e, --rsh=COMMAND           specify the remote shell to use
     --rsync-path=PROGRAM    specify the rsync to run on the remote machine
     --existing              skip creating new files on receiver
     --ignore-existing       skip updating files that already exist on receiver
     --remove-source-files   sender removes synchronized files (non-dirs)
     --del                   an alias for --delete-during
     --delete                delete extraneous files from destination dirs
     --delete-before         receiver deletes before transfer, not during
     --delete-during         receiver deletes during transfer (default)
     --delete-delay          find deletions during, delete after
     --delete-after          receiver deletes after transfer, not during
     --delete-excluded       also delete excluded files from destination dirs
     --ignore-errors         delete even if there are I/O errors
     --force                 force deletion of directories even if not empty
     --max-delete=NUM        don't delete more than NUM files
     --max-size=SIZE         don't transfer any file larger than SIZE
     --min-size=SIZE         don't transfer any file smaller than SIZE
     --partial               keep partially transferred files
     --partial-dir=DIR       put a partially transferred file into DIR
     --delay-updates         put all updated files into place at transfer's end
 -m, --prune-empty-dirs      prune empty directory chains from the file-list
     --numeric-ids           don't map uid/gid values by user/group name
     --timeout=SECONDS       set I/O timeout in seconds
     --contimeout=SECONDS    set daemon connection timeout in seconds
 -I, --ignore-times          don't skip files that match in size and mod-time
     --size-only             skip files that match in size
     --modify-window=NUM     compare mod-times with reduced accuracy
 -T, --temp-dir=DIR          create temporary files in directory DIR
 -y, --fuzzy                 find similar file for basis if no dest file
     --compare-dest=DIR      also compare destination files relative to DIR
     --copy-dest=DIR         ... and include copies of unchanged files
     --link-dest=DIR         hardlink to files in DIR when unchanged
 -z, --compress              compress file data during the transfer
     --compress-level=NUM    explicitly set compression level
     --skip-compress=LIST    skip compressing files with a suffix in LIST
 -C, --cvs-exclude           auto-ignore files the same way CVS does
 -f, --filter=RULE           add a file-filtering RULE
 -F                          same as --filter='dir-merge /.rsync-filter'
                             repeated: --filter='- .rsync-filter'
     --exclude=PATTERN       exclude files matching PATTERN
     --exclude-from=FILE     read exclude patterns from FILE
     --include=PATTERN       don't exclude files matching PATTERN
     --include-from=FILE     read include patterns from FILE
     --files-from=FILE       read list of source-file names from FILE
 -0, --from0                 all *-from/filter files are delimited by 0s
 -s, --protect-args          no space-splitting; only wildcard special-chars
     --address=ADDRESS       bind address for outgoing socket to daemon
     --port=PORT             specify double-colon alternate port number
     --sockopts=OPTIONS      specify custom TCP options
     --blocking-io           use blocking I/O for the remote shell
     --stats                 give some file-transfer stats
 -8, --8-bit-output          leave high-bit chars unescaped in output
 -h, --human-readable        output numbers in a human-readable format
     --progress              show progress during transfer
 -P                          same as --partial --progress
 -i, --itemize-changes       output a change-summary for all updates
     --out-format=FORMAT     output updates using the specified FORMAT
     --log-file=FILE         log what we're doing to the specified FILE
     --log-file-format=FMT   log updates using the specified FMT
     --password-file=FILE    read daemon-access password from FILE
     --list-only             list the files instead of copying them
     --bwlimit=KBPS          limit I/O bandwidth; KBytes per second
     --write-batch=FILE      write a batched update to FILE
     --only-write-batch=FILE like --write-batch but w/o updating destination
     --read-batch=FILE       read a batched update from FILE
     --protocol=NUM          force an older protocol version to be used
     --iconv=CONVERT_SPEC    request charset conversion of filenames
 -4, --ipv4                  prefer IPv4
 -6, --ipv6                  prefer IPv6
     --version               print version number
(-h) --help                  show this help (-h works with no other options)

DRBD 高性能网络磁盘同步

DRBD是linux的内核的存储层中的一个分布式存储系统,可用使用DRBD在两台Linux服务器之间共享块设备,共享文件系统和数据。
用于linux/mac,类似于一个网络RAID-1的功能,高性能。

rsync+inotify 实时增量同步

1、先安装好inotify包

  wget http://github.com/downloads/rvoicilas/inotify-tools/inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz  

tar zxf inotify-tools-3.14.tar.gz
cd inotify-tools-3.14

 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/inotify-3.14

make && make install

2、创建监控脚本inotify.sh

#!/bin/bash
#para
host01=192.168.0.144  #rsync服务器地址
src=/backup        #本地监控的目录
dst=backup         #rsync服务器的模块名称
user=nowview      #rsync服务器的虚拟用户
rsync_passfile=/etc/rsyncd.password   #本地调用rsync服务的密码文件
inotify_home=/usr/local/inotify-3.14    #inotify的安装目录
#judge
if [ ! -e "$src" ] \
|| [ ! -e "${rsync_passfile}" ] \
|| [ ! -e "${inotify_home}/bin/inotifywait" ] \
|| [ ! -e "/usr/bin/rsync" ];
then
echo "Check File and Folder"
exit 9
fi
${inotify_home}/bin/inotifywait -mrq --timefmt '%d/%m/%y %H:%M' --format '%T %w%f' -e close_write,delete,create,attrib $src \
| while read file
do
#  rsync -avzP --delete --timeout=100 --password-file=${rsync_passfile} $src $user@$host01::$dst >/dev/null 2>&1
cd $src && rsync -aruz -R --delete ./  --timeout=100 $user@$host01::$dst --password-file=${rsync_passfile} >/dev/null 2>&1
done
exit 0

lsyncd 多机器实时同步文件神器

lsyncd 是一个支持实时、双向、多机器的多模式文件同步工具。

使用 Lua 语言封装了 inotify 和 rsync 工具,采用了 Linux 内核(2.6.13 及以后)里的 inotify 触发机制,然后通过 rsync 去差异同步,达到实时的效果。

Syncthing

支持Windows/linux/mac/android,采用go语言开发,提供多个平台的客户端。没有iOS客户端。

seafile

同样采用go开发,Seafile 是一款开源的企业云盘,注重可靠性和性能。支持 Windows, Mac, Linux, iOS, Android 平台。支持文件同步或者直接挂载到本地访问。

Nextcloud/ownCloud

采用PHP基于ownCloud开发,支持 Windows, Mac, Linux, iOS, Android 平台。

参考