使用MailCatcher作为开发环境邮件服务器

MailCatcher 运行一个超级简单的 SMTP 服务器，它可以捕获发送到它的任何消息并在 web 界面中显示。

运行 mailcatcher，将你最喜欢的应用程序设置为 smtp://127.0.0.1:1025，而不是默认的 SMTP 服务器，然后检查 http://127.0.0.1:1080，查看到目前为止的邮件。

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ubuntu安装MailCatcher

sudo apt install ruby ruby-dev libsqlite3-dev build-essential
sudo gem install mailcatcher

运行

默认运行即可，更多参数如下

mailcatcher -h
Usage: mailcatcher [options]
        --ip IP                      Set the ip address of both servers
        --smtp-ip IP                 Set the ip address of the smtp server
        --smtp-port PORT             Set the port of the smtp server
        --http-ip IP                 Set the ip address of the http server
        --http-port PORT             Set the port address of the http server
        --http-path PATH             Add a prefix to all HTTP paths
        --no-quit                    Don't allow quitting the process
    -f, --foreground                 Run in the foreground
    -v, --verbose                    Be more verbose
    -h, --help                       Display this help information

Cmder + Windows Terminal + PhpStrom/PyCharm/IDEA

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Cmder是一个可用于linux的便携式控制台虚拟器，可以让你在windows下使用linux命令。

Windows Terminal是Windows 10的控制台管理界面。

IDEA是广大开发人员的最爱。

本文介绍如何将Cmder整合到Windows Terminal和IDEA。

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安装Cmder

可以去 https://cmder.net/ 下载最新的压缩文件，解压后点击Cmder.exe即可使用。如果已经安装了git for windows下载mini版本就可以了，否则可以下载包含git的full版本。

设置系统环境变量

以下d:\tools\Cmder是Cmder解压目录

CMDER_ROOT = d:\tools\Cmder

配置 Windows Terminal

生成guid

进入Power shell，输入New-Guid

PS C:\Users\Administrator> New-Guid

Guid
----
092f8948-9ea5-4928-bea7-a1f71938e717

修改 Windows Terminal 配置文件

点击Windows Terminal的下拉菜单，选择“配置”，会打开它的配置文件

增加

{
  "guid": "{092f8948-9ea5-4928-bea7-a1f71938e717}",
  "name": "Cmder",
  "commandline": "cmd.exe /k %CMDER_ROOT%\\vendor\\init.bat",
  "startingDirectory": "%USERPROFILE%",
  "icon": "%CMDER_ROOT%\\icons\\cmder.ico",
  "background": "#2e3436",
  "padding": "15",
  "fontFace": "Cascadia Code",
  "fontSize": 10
}

然后修改

"defaultProfile": "Cmder",

Windows Terminal 使用效果

点击Windows Terminal的加号，查看效果

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配置 PhpStorm/IDEA/PyCharm

配置 PhpStorm

打开 PhpStrom 的设置，找到 Tools 下的 terminal 修改 Shell path 为 "cmd" /k ""%CMDER_ROOT%\vendor\init.bat""

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PhpStrom 配置后效果

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NSIS完整实例（含服务的安装，运行前卸载）

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# NetHalt - NSIS installer script
# Copyright (C) 2008 Daniel Collins <solemnwarning@solemnwarning.net>
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
#
#    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
#      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
#
#    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
#      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
#      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
#
#    * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its contributors may
#      be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
#      without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
# WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
# DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY
# DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
# (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
# LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
# ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
# THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

!include MUI2.nsh
!include LogicLib.nsh
!include nsDialogs.nsh

Name "NetHalt"
OutFile "nhclient.exe"

InstallDir $PROGRAMFILES\NetHalt
InstallDirRegKey HKLM "SOFTWARE\NetHalt" "InstallDir"

!define MUI_ABORTWARNING

!insertmacro MUI_PAGE_WELCOME
!insertmacro MUI_PAGE_LICENSE "COPYING"
!insertmacro MUI_PAGE_DIRECTORY
!insertmacro MUI_PAGE_INSTFILES

!insertmacro MUI_LANGUAGE "English"

Function .onInit
    nsisos::osversion

    ${If} $0 < 5
        MessageBox MB_OK "Windows 2000 (NT 5.0) or greater is required"
        Abort
    ${EndIf}
FunctionEnd

# Do local install
#
Section "NetHalt"
    SetShellVarContext all
    SetOutPath $INSTDIR

    # Stop all running nhtray.exe processes
    #
    StrCpy $0 "nhtray.exe"
    KillProc::KillProcesses

    # Check if the NetHalt service is installed
    #
    SimpleSC::ExistsService "nhclient"
    Pop $0

    # Stop+Remove the NetHalt service if it's installed
    #
    ${If} $0 == 0
        DetailPrint "Stopping NetHalt Client service..."
        SimpleSC::StopService "nhclient"

        DetailPrint "Removing NetHalt Client service..."
        SimpleSC::RemoveService "nhclient"
    ${EndIf}

    WriteRegStr HKLM "SOFTWARE\NetHalt" "InstallDir" $INSTDIR

    cinst::reg_write "dword" "SOFTWARE\NetHalt" "use_server" "0"
    cinst::reg_write "string" "SOFTWARE\NetHalt" "server_name" ""
    cinst::reg_write "dword" "SOFTWARE\NetHalt" "server_port" "0"
    cinst::reg_write "dword" "SOFTWARE\NetHalt" "server_refresh" "1800"

    cinst::reg_write "dword" "SOFTWARE\NetHalt" "warning" "300"
    cinst::reg_write "dword" "SOFTWARE\NetHalt" "abort" "0"
    cinst::reg_write "dword" "SOFTWARE\NetHalt" "delay" "0"
    cinst::reg_write "string" "SOFTWARE\NetHalt" "sdtimes" ""

    WriteUninstaller "$INSTDIR\uninstall.exe"

    File "src\nhclient.exe"
    File "src\evlog.dll"
    File "src\nhtray.exe"
    File "src\nhconfig.exe"

    # Add the event log source (evlog.dll) to the registry
    #
    WriteRegStr HKLM "SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Eventlog\Application\NetHalt Client" "EventMessageFile" "$INSTDIR\evlog.dll"
    WriteRegDWORD HKLM "SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Eventlog\Application\NetHalt Client" "TypesSupported" 0x00000007

    # Add the uninstaller to Add/Remove programs
    #
    WriteRegStr HKLM "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\NetHalt" "DisplayName" "NetHalt"
    WriteRegStr HKLM "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\NetHalt" "UninstallString" "$INSTDIR\uninstall.exe"
    WriteRegDWORD HKLM "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\NetHalt" "NoModify" 1
    WriteRegDWORD HKLM "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\NetHalt" "NoRepair" 1

    # Install and start the NetHalt service
    # TODO: Check for errors
    #
    DetailPrint "Installing NetHalt Client service..."
    SimpleSC::InstallService "nhclient" "NetHalt Client" "16" "2" "$INSTDIR\nhclient.exe" "" "" ""

    DetailPrint "Starting NetHalt Client service..."
    SimpleSC::StartService "nhclient"

    # Add nhtray.exe to the registry to run at login
    #
    WriteRegStr HKLM "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run" "NetHalt" "$INSTDIR\nhtray.exe"

    # Launch nhtray.exe
    #
    Exec '"$INSTDIR\nhtray.exe"'

    # Create shortcuts
    #
    CreateDirectory "$SMPROGRAMS\NetHalt"
    CreateShortCut "$SMPROGRAMS\NetHalt\Tray Icon.lnk" "$INSTDIR\nhtray.exe"
    CreateShortCut "$SMPROGRAMS\NetHalt\Configuration.lnk" "$INSTDIR\nhconfig.exe"
    CreateShortCut "$SMPROGRAMS\NetHalt\Uninstall.lnk" "$INSTDIR\uninstall.exe"
SectionEnd

Function un.onInit
    SetShellVarContext all
    ReadRegStr $INSTDIR HKLM "SOFTWARE\NetHalt" "InstallDir"

    MessageBox MB_YESNO "This will uninstall NetHalt, continue?" IDYES NoAbort
    Abort
    NoAbort:
FunctionEnd

Section "Uninstall"
    # Stop and remove the NetHalt service
    #
    DetailPrint "Stopping NetHalt Client service..."
    SimpleSC::StopService "nhclient"

    DetailPrint "Removing NetHalt Client service..."
    SimpleSC::RemoveService "nhclient"

    # Stop all running nhtray.exe processes
    #
    StrCpy $0 "nhtray.exe"
    KillProc::KillProcesses

    # Delete shortcuts
    #
    Delete "$SMPROGRAMS\NetHalt\Tray Icon.lnk"
    Delete "$SMPROGRAMS\NetHalt\Configuration.lnk"
    Delete "$SMPROGRAMS\NetHalt\Un-Install.lnk"
    Delete "$SMPROGRAMS\NetHalt"

    DeleteRegValue HKLM "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run" "NetHalt"
    DeleteRegKey HKLM "SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Eventlog\Application\NetHalt Client"
    DeleteRegKey HKLM "SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Uninstall\NetHalt"

    Delete "$INSTDIR\nhclient.exe"
    Delete "$INSTDIR\evlog.dll"
    Delete "$INSTDIR\nhtray.exe"
    Delete "$INSTDIR\uninstall.exe"
    RMDir $INSTDIR
SectionEnd

NSIS实现安装前先停止并卸载旧版

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以下脚本会先找到正在运行的程序和服务，停止并删除服务，然后杀掉正在运行的程序进程

    ;检查服务是否存在
    SimpleSC::ExistsService  "${SVCHOST_EXE_NAME}"
    Pop $0
    ;停止并删除服务
    ${If} $0 == 0
        DetailPrint "停止正在运行的打印服务"
        SimpleSC::StopService "${SVCHOST_EXE_NAME}" 1 30
        DetailPrint "删除已安装的打印服务"
        SimpleSC::RemoveService "${SVCHOST_EXE_NAME}"
    ${EndIf}
    ;检查主程序是否运行，如果正在运行则进行终止
    nsProcess::_FindProcess "${ANALYST_EXE_NAME}"
    Pop $R0
    ${If} $R0 = 0
      DetailPrint "停止正在运行的主程序"
      nsProcess::_KillProcess "${ANALYST_EXE_NAME}"
      Pop $R0
    ${EndIf}
    ;检查升级程序是否运行，如果正在运行则进行终止
    nsProcess::_FindProcess "${UPDATE_EXE_NAME}"
    Pop $R0
    ${If} $R0 = 0
      DetailPrint "停止正在运行的升级程序"
      nsProcess::_KillProcess "${UPDATE_EXE_NAME}"
      Pop $R0
    ${EndIf}

Django admin export inline sub models

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Django 导入导出大部分情况都可以使用django-import-export扩展，但是实际业务中经常需要导出子模型数据，比如导出订单同时需要导出订单商品信息。django-import-export扩展默认不支持导出inline子模型，这时候需要自己实现resource的export方法：

自定义`django-import-export`的export方法

class OrderResource(resources.ModelResource):
    class Meta:
        model = Order

    def export(self, queryset=None, *args, **kwargs):
        if queryset is None:
            queryset = self.get_queryset()
        ds = tablib.Dataset()
        data = []
        for order in queryset:
            for item in order.items.all():
                row = {
                    'order_id': order.id,
                    "item_id": item.idd,
                }
                data.append(row)
        ds.dict = data
        return ds

参考

JSON、BSON及Protocol Buffer比较

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他们核心区别在于，bson在json基础上增加了数据日期、文档类型，并支持二进制传输；而protocol buffer则对传输数据和结构定义进行了分离。一般来说与浏览器通信通常使用json，如果需要跨语言通信，且考虑效率，则可以采用protocol buffer。

JSON

特点：

文本存储和传输，结构与数据一体，肉眼可识别

优点：

通用性好，各种语言都支持；
可用于存储

缺点：

采用文本传输，占用体积大，传输性能差
序列化，反序列化性能较差
不支持二进制，日期等数据类型

Bson

特点：

采用二进制传输，结构与数据一体

优点：

在json基础上增加二进制和日期等格式；
传输性能较好
序列化，反序列化性能较好

缺点：

多语言支持一般
传输数据与结构定义仍然在一体

Protocol Buffer

特点：

结构定义与传输数据分离，只传输二进制数据

优点：

用protoc工具可以根据proto文件生成各种语言对应代码
字段被编号，新添加的字段不影响老结构，解决了向后兼容问题。
二进制无结构消息，效率高，性能高。

缺点：

二进制格式，可读性差（抓包dump后的数据很难看懂）
默认不具备动态特性

django-q — 比django-celery和django-rq更简单又不失强大的django队列

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django-q介绍

Django Q is a native Django task queue, scheduler and worker application using Python multiprocessing.

Features

Multiprocessing worker pools
Asynchronous tasks
Scheduled, cron and repeated tasks
Signed and compressed packages
Failure and success database or cache
Result hooks, groups and chains
Django Admin integration
PaaS compatible with multiple instances
Multi cluster monitor
Redis, Disque, IronMQ, SQS, MongoDB or ORM
Rollbar and Sentry support

Django Q is tested with: Python 3.7 and 3.8, Django 2.2.x and 3.1.x

安装django-q模块

pip install django-q

增加 django_q 到 INSTALLED_APPS:

修改settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    # other apps
    'django_q',
)

创建数据库表:

运行 Django migrations

$ python manage.py migrate

配置一个broker

使用django orm数据库作为broker

Q_CLUSTER = {
    'name': 'DjangORM',
    'workers': 1,
    'timeout': 90,
    'retry': 120,
    'queue_limit': 50,
    'bulk': 10,
    'orm': 'default'
}

使用redis作为broker

Q_CLUSTER = {
    'redis': 'redis://h:asdfqwer1234asdf@ec2-111-1-1-1.compute-1.amazonaws.com:111'
}

使用django_redis作为broker

Q_CLUSTER = {
    'name': 'DJRedis',
    'workers': 4,
    'timeout': 90,
    'django_redis': 'default'
}

其他broker： https://django-q.readthedocs.io/en/latest/brokers.html

使用qcluster处理异步任务

python manage.py qcluster

增加异步任务到队列

from django_q.tasks import async_task, result

# create the task
async_task('math.copysign', 2, -2)

# or with import and storing the id
import math.copysign

task_id = async_task(copysign, 2, -2)

# get the result
task_result = result(task_id)

# result returns None if the task has not been executed yet
# you can wait for it
task_result = result(task_id, 200)

# but in most cases you will want to use a hook:

async_task('math.modf', 2.5, hook='hooks.print_result')

# hooks.py
def print_result(task):
    print(task.result)

管理后台页面

Django Q不使用自定义页面，而是默认使用Django模型管理员提供的功能。当您打开Django Q的管理页面时，您将看到三种模型：

成功的任务

意味着他们在执行过程中没有遇到任何错误。

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失败的任务

失败的任务遇到错误，阻止其完成执行。

计划任务

在这里，您可以检查计划任务的状态，创建，编辑或删除它们。

file

排队的任务

仅当您使用Django ORM代理时才出现

参考

Django Q Document

NSIS递归添加和删除子目录及文件

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NSIS打包比较配置文件手动编辑起来非常麻烦，使用HM NIS EDIT向导的话就容易多了。

  File /r "bin\Release\*.*"

  RMDir /r "$INSTDIR"

参考

使用AutoUpdater.NET实现WPF和Winfoms项目自动更新

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使用AutoUpdater.NET实现自动更新

AutoUpdater.NET是一个.net库，允许winforms和wpf应用实现自动更新，只需要以下几步：

1，定义一个升级文件；

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<item>
    <version>2.0.0.0</version>
    <url>http://rbsoft.org/downloads/AutoUpdaterTest.zip</url>
    <changelog>https://github.com/ravibpatel/AutoUpdater.NET/releases</changelog>
    <mandatory>false</mandatory>
</item>

2, 安装 Autoupdater.NET.Official扩展

PM> Install-Package Autoupdater.NET.Official

3，使用只需要在程序加载前加入以下代码即可

    protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
        {
            AutoUpdater.ParseUpdateInfoEvent += AutoUpdaterOnParseUpdateInfoEvent;
            //AutoUpdater.ReportErrors = true;
            AutoUpdater.Start("https://api.yunyin.la/file-helper/upgrade");
        }

将xml修改为json

        private void AutoUpdaterOnParseUpdateInfoEvent(ParseUpdateInfoEventArgs args)
        {
            dynamic json = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(args.RemoteData);
            args.UpdateInfo = new UpdateInfoEventArgs
            {
                CurrentVersion = json.version,
                DownloadURL = json.url,
                Mandatory = new Mandatory
                {
                    Value = json.mandatory.value,
                    UpdateMode = json.mandatory.mode,
                }
            };
        }

json样例

{
   "version":"2.0.0.0",
   "url":"http://rbsoft.org/downloads/AutoUpdaterTest.zip",
   "changelog":"https://github.com/ravibpatel/AutoUpdater.NET/releases",
   "mandatory":{
      "value":true,
      "minVersion": "2.0.0.0",
      "mode":1
   },
   "checksum":{
      "value":"E5F59E50FC91A9E52634FFCB11F32BD37FE0E2F1",
      "hashingAlgorithm":"SHA1"
   }
}

参考

AutoUpdater.NET github

WPF点击关闭按钮最小化到系统托盘

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包含点击关闭按钮后最小化系统托盘，点击系统托盘图标后自动弹出窗口，点击托盘右键菜单退出


    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {

        private readonly System.Windows.Forms.NotifyIcon nIcon = new System.Windows.Forms.NotifyIcon();

        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            initNotifyIcon();
        }

        private void initNotifyIcon()
        {
            nIcon.Visible = true;
            nIcon.Icon = new Icon("./favicon.ico");
            nIcon.Text = "测试程序";
            nIcon.MouseClick += new System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventHandler(show_Click);
            nIcon.ContextMenu = new System.Windows.Forms.ContextMenu();
            System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem show = new System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem("打开");
            show.Click += new EventHandler(show_Click);
            nIcon.ContextMenu.MenuItems.Add(show);
            System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem exit = new System.Windows.Forms.MenuItem("退出");
            exit.Click += new EventHandler(exit_Click);
            nIcon.ContextMenu.MenuItems.Add(exit);

        }

        private void exit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Environment.Exit(0);
        }

        private void show_Click(object Sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (WindowState == WindowState.Minimized)
                WindowState = WindowState.Normal;
            Show();
            Activate();
        }

        protected override void OnStateChanged(EventArgs e)
        {
            if (WindowState == WindowState.Minimized) Hide();

            base.OnStateChanged(e);
        }

        protected override void OnClosing(CancelEventArgs e)
        {
            e.Cancel = true;
            Hide();
            base.OnClosing(e);
        }

    }

ubuntu安装MailCatcher

运行

安装Cmder

设置系统环境变量

配置 Windows Terminal

生成guid

修改 Windows Terminal 配置文件

Windows Terminal 使用效果

配置 PhpStorm/IDEA/PyCharm

配置 PhpStorm

PhpStrom 配置后效果

自定义django-import-export的export方法

参考

JSON

Bson

Protocol Buffer

django-q介绍

安装django-q模块

增加 django_q 到 INSTALLED_APPS:

创建数据库表:

配置一个broker

使用qcluster处理异步任务

增加异步任务到队列

管理后台页面

成功的任务

失败的任务

计划任务

排队的任务

参考

参考

使用AutoUpdater.NET实现自动更新

参考

参考

自定义`django-import-export`的export方法