CentOS7通过yum安装PostgreSQL10

发现最新的postgresql版本

https://www.postgresql.org/download/linux/redhat/

下载

yum install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/10/redhat/rhel-7-x86_64/pgdg-centos10-10-2.noarch.rpm

安装

yum install postgresql10-server

设置数据目录

创建数据目录并修改权限

mkdir -p /data/postgresql/
chown postgres:postgres /data/postgresql/

复制开机启动文件

sudo cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-10.service /etc/systemd/system/

修改开机启动文件

vim /etc/systemd/system/postgresql-10.service

找到

Environment=PGDATA=/var/lib/pgsql/10/data/

修改为

Environment=PGDATA=/data/postgresql/

初始化数据库

/usr/pgsql-10/bin/postgresql-10-setup initdb

开机自启动

systemctl enable postgresql-10
systemctl start postgresql-10
systemctl status postgresql-10

修改本地帐户权限

vim /data/postgresql/pg_hba.conf

将

host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            ident

修改为

host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            md5

重新加载配置

systemctl restart postgresql-10

新增用户和数据库

su - postgres
createuser dbuser
createdb -e -O dbuser dbname

设定密码

su - postgres
psql
\password dbuser （输入两次密码）

新用户登录数据库

psql -U dbuser -d dbname -h 127.0.0.1 （输入之前的密码）

允许非本机ip登录

编辑data/postgresql.conf修改listen_addresses = 'localhost' 为listen_addresses = 'localhost'
编辑data/pg_hba.conf

host all all 192.168.1.0/24 md5

Django CMS比较

Mezzanine

Mezzanine is a powerful, consistent, and flexible content management platform. Built using the Django framework, Mezzanine provides a simple yet highly extensible architecture that encourages diving in and hacking on the code. Mezzanine is BSD licensed and supported by a diverse and active community.

In some ways, Mezzanine resembles tools such as WordPress, providing an intuitive interface for managing pages, blog posts, form data, store products, and other types of content. But Mezzanine is also different. Unlike many other platforms that make extensive use of modules or reusable applications, Mezzanine provides most of its functionality by default. This approach yields a more integrated and efficient platform.

Django Fiber

Django Fiber – a simple, open-source, user-friendly CMS for all your django projects. It complements your project, it doesn’t take it over. It allows you to create simple textual, template based pages, add simple content items in pages and views, and adds simple menus that always work. All this can be maintained by a friendly frontend admin.

django CMS

Enterprise content management with django

Django-Fluent

A smooth, flexible CMS to create the designs you like, built on top of the powerful Django framework.

Django-Fluent CMS is a Open Source CMS, designed for the following needs:

Shape the CMS according to the client’s needs.
Make any kind of design editable for end-users.
Be easy to use
Be easy to code with -Be usable for small up to large sites

The CMS is flexible for your own needs. You can install parts of the CMS you like to use, and leave everything else out of your project. The system is designed to perform well (blocks are cached in memcache), models and admin screens can be modified to your needs easily.

FeinCMS

One of the most advanced Content Management Systems built on Django

Wagtail

There are plenty of great open source content management systems. We’ve used Drupal very successfully on big sites for clients including high profile campaigning NGOs, fundraising charities, think tanks, universities and public sector organisations. There are also some excellent Django CMSs, including Mezzanine, Fein and Django CMS, with thriving developer communities and impressive case studies.

But having built content-managed websites for 14 years we have strong opinions about the editor experience and how a CMS should work and be structured, and we need to manage a more rapid pace of development than we can achieve by contributing to existing projects.

手机移动端富文本编辑器比较

Quill

Quill is a modern WYSIWYG editor built for compatibility and extensibility. https://quilljs.com – API Driven Design – Custom Content and Formatting – Cross Platform – Easy to Use 重要的是linkedin也在用

Eleditor

兼容Android&ios
Eleditor的开发是为了解决移动端项目中的富文本编辑问题。具有
轻量，可定制，注重用户体验等特点 -开源基于MIT协议，允许自由使用和修改代码

simditor

An Easy and Fast WYSIWYG Editor

有插件和文档（非移动优先）

vue-html-editor

A Vue.js component implementing the HTML editor with the jQuery summernote plugin.

Squire

the textarea of the future

Angular-trix

A rich wysiwyg text editor directive for angularjs.

textAngular

textAngular is a super cool WYSIWYG Text Editor directive for AngularJS

Draft.js

Rich Text Editor Framework for React

python+selenium自动登录淘宝网并获取订单数据

本文将介绍使用python3+ selenium自动登录淘宝，并获取订单信息。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoAlertPresentException
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains

import unittest, time, re


class Login(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        # binary = FirefoxBinary(r'C:\Program Files\Mozilla Firefox\firefox.exe')
        self.driver = webdriver.Firefox()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(30)
        self.driver.maximize_window()
        self.base_url = "https://www.taobao.com/"
        self.verificationErrors = []
        self.accept_next_alert = True

    def test_login(self):
        driver = self.driver
        # 打开登录页面
        driver.get("https://login.taobao.com/member/login.jhtml?&redirectURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taobao.com%2F")
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(5)
        # 点击账号密码登录
        driver.find_element_by_id('J_Quick2Static').click()
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(2)
        # 输入账号密码
        driver.find_element_by_id("TPL_username_1").clear()
        driver.find_element_by_id("TPL_username_1").send_keys("username")
        driver.find_element_by_id("TPL_password_1").clear()
        driver.find_element_by_id("TPL_password_1").send_keys("passwd")
        driver.implicitly_wait(5)
        # 判断是否显示滑块，如果显示则拖动滑块
        # 提交表单
        driver.find_element_by_id("J_SubmitStatic").click()
        while True:
            if driver.find_element_by_link_text("卖家中心").is_displayed():
                break
        # 查看已卖出的宝贝
        driver.execute_script('window.location="https://trade.taobao.com/trade/detail/trade_order_detail.htm?biz_order_id=xxxxxx"')
        driver.implicitly_wait(5)
        driver.find_element_by_link_text("收货和物流信息").click()
        print(driver.page_source)


    def tearDown(self):
        # self.driver.quit()
        self.assertEqual([], self.verificationErrors)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

fedora27(centos)下用过dnf(yum)安装postgresql10

安装postgresql10-server

所有repo包都在 https://yum.postgresql.org/下，这里通过一级一级，先是postgresql10版本，然后选择fedora 10，然后下载安装

dnf install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/10/fedora/fedora-27-x86_64/pgdg-fedora10-10-3.noarch.rpm dnf install postgresql10-server

安装 pgadmin4

dnf install pgadmin4-v2

初始化数据库

sudo /usr/pgsql-10/bin/postgresql-10-setup initdb

运行数据库

系统服务被安装在/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-10.service

systemctl start postgresql-10
systemctl enable postgresql-10

修改本地登录无需密码

sudo vim /var/lib/pgsql/10/data/pg_hba.conf

#host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            ident
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            trust

fedora27+python3+virtualenv+virtualenvwrapper安装及使用

安装virtualenvwrapper

这里使用pip3进行安装即可

sudo pip3 install virtualenvwrapper

设置virtualenvwrapper的运行环境变量

编辑~/.bashrc，加入以下几行

VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3 
export WORKON_HOME='~/.virtualenvs'
source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

使环境变量马上生效：

source ~/.bashrc

virtualenvwrapper使用

mkvirtualenv 新建虚拟环境

mkvirtualenv env1

建立后可以看到终端会以env1开头

(env1) [ning@localhost]$

再建立一个env2

mkvirtualenv env2

workon 启动/切换虚拟环境

workon env1

deactivate 离开虚拟环境

deactivate

rmvirtualenv 删除虚拟环境

rmvirtualenv env2

virtualenvwrapper help 查看virtualenvwrapper使用帮助

virtualenvwrapper is a set of extensions to Ian Bicking's virtualenv
tool.  The extensions include wrappers for creating and deleting
virtual environments and otherwise managing your development workflow,
making it easier to work on more than one project at a time without
introducing conflicts in their dependencies.

For more information please refer to the documentation:

    http://virtualenvwrapper.readthedocs.org/en/latest/command_ref.html

Commands available:

  add2virtualenv: add directory to the import path

  allvirtualenv: run a command in all virtualenvs

  cdproject: change directory to the active project

  cdsitepackages: change to the site-packages directory

  cdvirtualenv: change to the $VIRTUAL_ENV directory

  cpvirtualenv: duplicate the named virtualenv to make a new one

  lssitepackages: list contents of the site-packages directory

  lsvirtualenv: list virtualenvs

  mkproject: create a new project directory and its associated virtualenv

  mktmpenv: create a temporary virtualenv

  mkvirtualenv: Create a new virtualenv in $WORKON_HOME

  rmvirtualenv: Remove a virtualenv

  setvirtualenvproject: associate a project directory with a virtualenv

  showvirtualenv: show details of a single virtualenv

  toggleglobalsitepackages: turn access to global site-packages on/off

  virtualenvwrapper: show this help message

  wipeenv: remove all packages installed in the current virtualenv

  workon: list or change working virtualenvs

virtualenv –help 帮助

Usage: virtualenv [OPTIONS] DEST_DIR

Options:
  --version             show program's version number and exit
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -v, --verbose         Increase verbosity.
  -q, --quiet           Decrease verbosity.
  -p PYTHON_EXE, --python=PYTHON_EXE
                        The Python interpreter to use, e.g.,
                        --python=python2.5 will use the python2.5 interpreter
                        to create the new environment.  The default is the
                        interpreter that virtualenv was installed with
                        (/usr/bin/python3)
  --clear               Clear out the non-root install and start from scratch.
  --no-site-packages    DEPRECATED. Retained only for backward compatibility.
                        Not having access to global site-packages is now the
                        default behavior.
  --system-site-packages
                        Give the virtual environment access to the global
                        site-packages.
  --always-copy         Always copy files rather than symlinking.
  --unzip-setuptools    Unzip Setuptools when installing it.
  --relocatable         Make an EXISTING virtualenv environment relocatable.
                        This fixes up scripts and makes all .pth files
                        relative.
  --no-setuptools       Do not install setuptools in the new virtualenv.
  --no-pip              Do not install pip in the new virtualenv.
  --no-wheel            Do not install wheel in the new virtualenv.
  --extra-search-dir=DIR
                        Directory to look for setuptools/pip distributions in.
                        This option can be used multiple times.
  --download            Download preinstalled packages from PyPI.
  --no-download, --never-download
                        Do not download preinstalled packages from PyPI.
  --prompt=PROMPT       Provides an alternative prompt prefix for this
                        environment.
  --setuptools          DEPRECATED. Retained only for backward compatibility.
                        This option has no effect.
  --distribute          DEPRECATED. Retained only for backward compatibility.
                        This option has no effect.

Windows上安装Django2(Python3+virtualenv+virtualenvwrapper)

本文档将指导您在Windows上安装Python 3.5和Django。它还提供了安装virtualenv和virtualenvwrapper的指导，这使得在Python项目上工作变得更容易。这是为使用Django项目的用户提供的初学者指南，并不反映在为Django本身开发补丁程序时如何安装Django。

本指南中的步骤已经通过Windows 7、8和10进行了测试。在其他版本中，步骤是类似的。您需要熟悉使用Windows命令提示符。

安装Python

Django是一个Python的web框架，因此需要在你的机器上安装Python。在编写的时候，Python 3.6是最新版本。

要在您的机器上安装Python，请访问https://python.org/downloads/。该网站应该为您提供最新的Python版本的下载按钮。下载可执行安装程序并运行它。选中“Add Python 3.6 to PATH”旁边的复选框，然后单击“Install Now”。

安装完成后，打开命令提示符并检查Python版本是否与执行的安装版本相匹配：

python --version

关于 pip

pip是Python的包管理。它使得安装和卸载Python包(如Django！)非常简单。对于安装的其余部分，我们将使用pip从命令行安装Python包。

要在您的机器上安装pip，请转到https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/installing/，然后按照使用get-pip.py安装说明进行操作。

安装 virtualenv 和 virtualenvwrapper

virtualenv和virtualenvwrapper为您创建的每个Django项目提供了一个专用的环境。虽然不是强制性的，但这被认为是最佳实践，在您准备好部署项目时将为您节省时间。只需输入：

pip install virtualenvwrapper-win

然后为您的项目创建一个虚拟环境：

mkvirtualenv myproject

虚拟环境将被自动激活，您将在命令提示符旁边看到(myproject)，以指定它。如果您启动一个新的命令提示符，您将需要再次激活环境

workon myproject

安装 Django

Django可以在您的虚拟环境中使用pip轻松安装。

在命令提示符下，确保您的虚拟环境处于活动状态，然后执行以下命令：

pip install django

这将下载并安装最新的Django版本。

安装完成后，您可以通过在命令提示符下执行django-admin --version来验证您的Django安装。

请参阅运行您的数据库以获取有关使用Django安装数据库的信息。

Wagtail demo 安装指南

学习Wagtail最快的办法可能就是下载最新的Demo先进行体验了。

Demo地址：https://github.com/wagtail/bakerydemo

https://github.com/wagtail/bakerydemo.git
cd bakerydemo
pip install -r requirements.txt

Windows下安装可能会出现安装uwsgi提示 module ‘os’ has no attribute ‘uname’。解决办法是修改requirements/production.txt重新运行 pip install -r requirements.txt即可

接下来，我们将设置我们的本地环境变量。我们使用django-dotenv来解决这个问题。它读取位于项目顶层目录中的文件名.env中的环境变量。我们需要启动的唯一变量是DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE：

cp bakerydemo/settings/local.py.example bakerydemo/settings/local.py
echo "DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=bakerydemo.settings.local" > .env

修改bakerydemo.settings.local.py中的数据库配置

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.postgresql',
        'NAME': 'bakerydemo',
        'USER': 'postgres',
        'PASSWORD': 'password',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
        'PORT': '5432',
    }
}

要设置数据库并加载初始数据，请运行以下命令：

./manage.py migrate
./manage.py load_initial_data
./manage.py runserver

使用 admin / changeme 登录到管理后台。

https中Mixed Content解决办法

问题描述

HTTPS页面里动态的引入HTTP资源，比如引入一个js文件，会被直接block掉的.在HTTPS页面里通过AJAX的方式请求HTTP资源，也会被直接block掉的。

解决办法

可以在相应的页面的里加上这句代码，意思是自动将http的不安全请求升级为https

<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="upgrade-insecure-requests">

nginx出现blocked for more than 120 seconds 以及 hung_task_timeout_secs错误解决办法

问题原因

默认情况下， Linux 会最多使用 40% 的可用内存作为文件系统缓存。当超过这个阈值后，文件系统会把将缓存中的内存全部写入磁盘，导致后续的 IO 请求都是同步的。

将缓存写入磁盘时，有一个默认120 秒的超时时间。出现上面的问题的原因是 IO 子系统的处理速度不够快，不能在 120 秒将缓存中的数据全部写入磁盘。

IO 系统响应缓慢，导致越来越多的请求堆积，最终系统内存全部被占用，导致系统失去响应。

解决办法

根据应用程序情况，对 vm.dirty_ratio，vm.dirty_background_ratio 两个参数进行调优设置。例如，推荐如下设置：

# sysctl -w vm.dirty_ratio=10
# sysctl -w vm.dirty_background_ratio=5
# sysctl -p

如果系统永久生效，修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件。加入如下两行：

#vi /etc/sysctl.conf 
vm.dirty_background_ratio = 5
vm.dirty_ratio = 10

重启系统生效。